Rewilding the River Oder by restoring its natural habitat

While choosing the subject for my most recent article, I noticed an increasing support for Rewilding across several European nations. Due to my Polish spouse and my German heritage, focusing on the River Oder felt like the right choice. My ancestors, who were German farmers, were allocated land near Babimost (Bomst) to aid the growth of the German community in the annexed Polish region. Babimost is located just 30km from the River Oder.

What is rewilding?

Conservationists in Europe and South America are increasingly turning to rewilding as a method to restore ecosystems, boost biodiversity, and reverse damage caused by human activities. Rewilding entails reintroducing missing native species such as apex predators and large herbivores, revitalising natural processes and habitats, and implementing sustainable land management techniques. This approach aids in ecosystem recovery, carbon storage and control of climate through the restoration of natural ecosystems, reintroduction of native species, and elimination of obstacles to wildlife movement. The ultimate objective is to establish self-sustaining ecosystems that support a wide range of plant and animal species, promoting biodiversity and resilience while creating healthier environments for both wildlife and humans.

Beaver

Oder River

Where is the Oder River Delta located?

The Oder River, also known as the Odra River, is a significant waterway in Central Europe that flows through multiple countries. Originating in the Czech Republic, the river meanders through western Poland before forming part of the border between Poland and Germany. It eventually empties into the Baltic Sea. The Oder River plays a crucial role in the region's ecosystem, supporting a diverse range of flora and fauna along its banks. Additionally, it has been historically important for trade and transportation, with several cities such as Wroclaw, Szczecin, and Frankfurt an der Oder developing along its course. The Oder River is not only a geographical feature but also a cultural and economic lifeline for the communities that rely on its waters.

A YouTube look at what is happening in Europe's attempt to rewild

Who is responsible for rewilding of Europe?

The rewilding of Europe is a multifaceted and complex process that involves the collaboration of various stakeholders across different sectors. While there is no single entity solely responsible for rewilding the continent, a combination of governmental bodies, non-profit organisations, conservationists, scientists, and local communities play crucial roles in driving forward this conservation effort.

Governmental bodies at national and European levels establish policies, regulations, and funding for rewilding initiatives. They provide the legal framework, allocate resources for habitat restoration, and monitor conservation progress. Non-profit organisations like Rewilding Europe, WWF, and the European Wilderness Society lead rewilding efforts, implementing projects, conducting research, and raising awareness. They collaborate with local communities for mutual wildlife and human benefits.

Conservationists and scientists lead rewilding projects using ecological principles and scientific evidence. They research ecological dynamics, species reintroduction impact, and biodiversity trends. Local communities play a crucial role in rewilding Europe by participating in conservation, decision-making, and enjoying ecosystem services. Their support is essential for rewilding success, as they witness the benefits firsthand. Through collaboration, stakeholders can restore Europe's natural legacy and create a sustainable future for wildlife and people.

European Bison

What efforts are being made to restore the Oder Delta through the rewilding initiative?

The restoration efforts in the Oder Delta are part of a broader rewilding initiative aimed at revitalising the natural habitat and improving the health of the river ecosystem. Here are some key aspects of these efforts:

1. Elimination of Outdated Obstacles: The Rewilding Oder Delta team, along with local partners, has removed two weirs that were obstructing fish migration and reproduction. This has opened up 20 kilometers of waterway, allowing fish to move freely and enhancing their populations.

2. Restoring the Natural State of Riverbeds: Efforts to enhance the riverbed environment are effectively implemented through the strategic construction of gravel and stone piles. These meticulously designed structures not only regulate water flow but also provide essential support for aquatic life while closely resembling natural river features.

3. Community Benefits: The healthier rivers are not only beneficial for wildlife but also for local communities, foresters, and farmers. Improved water quality and ecosystem health can also lead to better agricultural productivity and recreational opportunities.

4. Focus on Tributaries: Specific tributaries of the Ina River, such as the Wisełka and Biała Struga, have been targeted for restoration. These efforts include partial removal of weirs and raising the riverbed to slow water flow, which helps in creating a more balanced and natural river system.

Oder River

As part of a broader vision, these restoration initiatives aim to enable rivers to self-regulate using natural processes, resulting in healthier and more robust ecosystems.

Which species benefit from the restoration in the Oder Delta?

1. Fish: By removing barriers and restoring riverbeds, the conditions for the reproduction and migration of various fish species, such as sea trout and salmon, have been greatly enhanced.

2. Birds: The rewetting of wet pastures and the abandonment of peat-cutting have led to a dramatic comeback of wildlife, particularly for white-tailed eagles, which now have the highest breeding density in Europe. Common cranes also benefit from these efforts.

3. Mammals: Restoration projects have led to the thriving of mammals such as otters and beavers in healthier river ecosystems. Meanwhile, European bison, elk, lynx, and wolves are freely moving around the forest.

   

   White-tailed Eagle in flight

   
   

Bison in the Oder Delta

Conclusion

Europe is at the forefront of rewilding delicate ecosystems throughout their continent. Hopefully, conservationists in Southern Africa can emulate this initiative. While it will require significant effort, a collaborative approach involving governmental bodies, non-profit organisations, conservationists, scientists, and local communities is essential to advance this conservation endeavor. Although these projects may incur high costs, it is anticipated that funding can be secured to restore our rivers and sensitive ecosystems to their original splendor. If or when you become a part of these groups, your support will be essential and highly valued.

Sources

1. Rewilding efforts breathe new life into Oder Delta waterways | Rewilding Europe

2. Oder catastrophe: Completely clarify causes and ensure restoration of the Oder - Restoration and renaturation of the Oder must now have top priority - Rewilding Oder Delta (rewilding-oder-delta.com)

3. Rewilding efforts breathe new life into Oder Delta waterways - Rewilding Oder Delta (rewilding-oder-delta.com)

4. Oder River poisoning: Call for investigation and restoration | Rewilding Europe